g]jf/
hft geO{ /fli6«otf xf]
–g/]z nfn cdfTo
O{ltxf; lhTg]sf] u'0fufg / xfg]{sf] b'u{lt
ug]{ s'/f xhf/f}+ jif{ b]lv rNb} cfPsf] jf:tljstf xf] . an]s]f cfuf] tfKg'
dfG5]sf] :jefj ePsf] / hf] ;Qfdf /xG5 pgn] / ;Qfwf/Lsf] jl/kl/ a:g]n] cfˆgf] dxTj bzf{O
clwstd /fHosf] ;'v ef]u ug]{ xf] . ;s];Dd cglugt nfe k|fKt u/L cfˆgf] b/;Gtfgn]
;d]t pQm nfe k|fKt ul//xf];\ eGg] rfxgf ;a}sf] x'G5 . o:tf] s|d ;do–;dodf
kl/jt{g eO{/xG5 . cfh s'g} ;d"xsf] t ef]ln cs}{ ;d"xsf] . g]kfnsf] kl/k|]Ifdf
eGg' kbf{ dlxifkfn b]lv zfxsfnsf] cGt;Dddf klg of] kl/b[Zo b]Vg ;lsG5 .
g]kfnsf] e"–agf]6df ;do ;dodf kl/j{tg
x'b} cfPsf] 5 . zlQzfnL zf;sn] cfˆgf]
/fHo lj:tf/ ub}{ n}hfg] / lgj{n zf;saf6 cfˆgf zf;g ug]{ sdhf]l/kgfaf6 /fHosf]
cfsf/ ljleGg sfndf v'lDrg] klg u/]sf] 5 . ljleGg cj:yfdf yl/yl/sf dfgj hfltsf]
cfudg ePsf] 5 . d'Vot\ cfo{x?, dFuf]nx? / cfo{–d+uf]n ldl>t dfgjx? oxfF
/xFb} cfPsf 5g\ . cfhsn t cGt/{fli6«o hflt s} ?kdf Ps} ynf]df ljleGg If]qdf
dfgjsf xfFufljuf /xg] ePsfn] s'g} vf; If]qsf] dfgj egL /xg' kg]{ cj:yf b]lvg
5f8]sf] 5 .
tfklg obfsbf klxrfgsf] nflu kmnfgf oL
If]qsf x'g\ l9:sfgf oL If]qsf x'g\, xfdL rflx+ o; If]qx?sf / cGo c? If]qsf x'g\
eGg] 9+uaf6 dflg;x?n] cfˆgf] kl/ro lbg rfxG5g\ . jf:tjdf o; tl/sfn] klxrfg lbg
;Sgfn] lglZrt cjlw leq s'g} vf; If]qdf /x]sf lyP elg ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 .
;do ;dodf cg's'n x]/L ;'ljwf jf jfWotfn] Ps} d'n'ssf] ljleGGf If]qdf / ljleGg
If]qsf] Ps d'n'sdf :yfGt/0f x'b} cfPsf] egL k|dfl0ft ug{ ;xof]u k'Ub5 . jf:tjdf
dfgj hflt 5l/g' / Pslqt x'g'sf] sf/0f klg ;do / kl/l:ylt klg d'Vo sf/s xf] .
o;} ;Gb{edf dgg ug'{ kbf{ g]kfn /fHo leq
/x]sf ljleGGf efiff ;+:s[lt, wd{ / hftLaf/] hfgsf/L /fVg' kg]{ x'G5 . ta dfq sf7df08f}+
pkTosf leqsf dfgj af/] jf:tljs s'/f yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . dgu9Gt] 9+uaf6 s;}sf]
lbdfudf h] s'/f plAhof] ToxL 9+uaf6 efiff ;+:s[lt, wd{ / hftLaf/] JofVof /
ljZn]if0f ug'{ plrt x'Fb}g . o;f] ug'{ eg]sf] g} cuf8Lsf ;GttLx?nfO{ e|dsf] v]tL
u/L jf:tljstfnfO{ n'sfO{ l5kfO{ sfNklgs syfn] u'Yg' xf] . o;sf] cy{ x'G5 ;Todf
geO{ c;Totfdf ?dlng' xf] .
g]kfnaf/] hfgsf/L /fVg s;}n] vf]Hb5 eg]
g]kfnsf] sf7df08f}+ pkTosfdf ePsf] / x'Fb} u/]sf] dfgj ;Eotfsf] ljsf;af/] 1fg /fVg'kg]{
pko{'Qm x'G5 . cfjZos dfqfdf w]/} y]f/} g]kfndf dfgj ;Eotfsf] ljsf;af/] pTvgg\
ul/Psf] j:t' / Oltxf;af6 dfgj ;Eotfsf] ljsf;af/] yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 .
dlxifkfnj+z, uf]kfnj+z, ls/ftj+z, sg{f6sj+z,
lnlR5ljj+z, dNnj+z / zfxsfnsf] cWoogaf6 tTsflng g]kfn / jt{dfg sf7df08f}+
pkTosfsf afl;x? jf dfgjx?af/] :ki6 ?kdf
h;n] hfgsf/L /fVg rfFxb}g p;n] g]jf jf cke|+l;t g]jf/ hfltaf/] /fd|/L a'emg
g;Sg] x'G5 .
cfhsfn g]kfnsf] l;dfgf leq /xg] ;a}
dfgjnfO{ g]kfnL elgG5 . g]kfn aflx/ /xg] cGo d'n'ssf dfG5]n] t g]kfnaf6 cfpg]
dfG5]nfO{ g]kfnL g} eG5g\ . c?sf] gh/df g]kfnsf] dfG5]nfO{ g]kfnL hftL eg]/
lrGb5g\ . g]kfn leq klg yfS;], /fO{, z]kf{, u'?ª, yf? Dlw;], afx'g, o:t} g}
lxGb', dl':nd, af}4, ls|l:rog, lzv cflb 5g\ . s] lo ;a} Pp6} hftsf x'g\ t ? cjZo xf]Ogg\ . lo
t g]kfnL dfq x'g\ . o;} u/L dNnsfndf sflGtk'/, nlntk'/ / eSQmk'/sf tTsflng
g]kfn /fHosf hgtfnfO{ g]jf eGby] / cfh klg oxfFsf To;a]nf b]lv clxn];Dd a;f]af;
ub}{ cfO{/x]sf hgtfn] cfkm'nfO{ g]jf eGg ?rfpmF5g\ . olx g]jf zAbnfO{ v;x?n] cke|+z
agfpFb} g]jf/L zAbnfO{ k|rngdf Nofpg vf]h]sf] kfO{G5 . g]kfn /fHo leq a:g]nfO{
g]kfnL eg] h:t} tTsfnLg g]kfn /fHodf a;f]af; ug]{nfO{ g]jf eGg] ub{y] . g]kfndf
a:g] gful/snfO{ g]kfnL zAbn] ;+jf]wg ul/G5 / g]kfnL zAbn] em}{ tTsflng ;dodf
g]jf eGg] zAbn] /fli6«otf emNsfPsf] xf] . o;}n] klg g]jf zAb cke|+z eP/} g]jf/
zAb agL ;Df:t g]kfnL af;LnfO{ xfnsf] sf7df08f}+ pkTosf af;LnfO{ g]jf/ hftLsf]
?kdf JofVof u/LPsf] 5 .
jf:tjdf o;/L sf7df08f}+ pkTosf af;LnfO{
g]jf/ hftLsf] ?kdf lbPsf] pkgfd k[YjL gf/fo0f zfxn] sf7df08f}+ pkTosf leqsf #
a6} /fHo cfkmgf] clwgdf lnO;s]kl5 oxfFsf ;fy} hgtfnfO{ g]jf/ jf g]jf/ hftL egL
gfdfs/0f ul/g yfn]sf] xf] . o; eGbf cuf8L sf7df08f}+ pkTosfsf zf;s / zfl;t
JolQmnfO{ g]jf/ hftL egL pNn]v ePsf]
kfO{b}g . uf]/vfdf a;f]af; ug]{nfO{ uf]v{fnL, kfNkfdf a:g]nfO{ kfNkfnL eg]em}
tTsfnLg g]kfndf a:g]nfO{ g]jf jf g]jf/ elgPsf] xf] . of] hflto gfd geO{ If]qLo
gfd jf /fli6«o gfd dfq xf] .
g]jf/ zAb g ljz]if hftLo gfd xf] g wfld{s
;d"xsf] gfd xf] g eflifs ;d"xsf] gfd xf] g s'g} cfotLt gfd xf] .
o;}n] :ki6 hfgsf/L /fv]/ dfq zAbnfO{ k|of]u tyf ;+jf]wg ug'{ a'l4dfgL xf] .
r]tgzLn dfgjsf] sfo{ g} ;xL lrGtgzLntf xf] .
jt{dfg g]kfn leq /xg] g]knLnfO{ a'emg'kbf{
k"j{ d]rL b]lv klZrd dxfsfnL / pQ/ lxdfn b]lv blIf0f t/fO{ ;Ddsf dfgjnfO{ cWoog
ubf{ lz/ b]lv kfpF ;Ddsf] agf]6df ljljwtf kfOG5 . tL If]qdf efiff ;+:s[lt, wd{
;fdflhs l/tLl/jfh cnu cnu 5 . ljleGg ;dodf ljleGGf If]qaf6 cfO{ a;f]af; u/]sf
5g\ . o; lsl;dsf] ljljwtf aLr g} g]kfnL gfdn] Pstf bzf{Psf] 5 / g]kfn aflx/sf
dflg;;+u lrgf/L ug'{ kbf{ Pp6} gfd jf /fli6«otf g]kfnL dfq xf] . g]kfn leq cfO{
x]bf{ ljleGGf efiff, wd{ / hftLsf
?k/+usf dflg;x? e]l6G5g\ . o;af6 of] Plsg ug{ ;lsG5 ls g]kfnL hftL x]fOg of] t
s]jn Pp6f e"uf]n leq /x]sf] If]qLo gfd dfq xf] . o;leq klg s]nfpg] /
ulxl/P/ cWoog jf yfxf kfpg' kg]{ s'/f w]/} 5 . o;s} ;]/f]km]/f]df /x]/ g]jf/
;+aGwdf hfgsf/L /fVg' kg]{ plts} dxTjk"0f{ 5 . ulxl/P/ a9L hfgsf/L /fVbf
g]jf/ leq klg rf/ y/L sf] wd{ cKgfpg] dfG5] kfO{G5 . k|ydt\ lxGb",
af}4dfuL{, d';ndfg / ls|l:r\og . oL $
wd{ dWo] a9L lxGb' kfO{G5 . o]f wd{sf cGf'ofoLx? &% k|ltzt eGbf a9L 5g\ .
a|fDx0fdf /fhf]kfWofo If]qLo s"ndf - h;nfO{ g]kfn efiff df ^ y/L elgG5 _ cdfTo,
hf]zL, k|wfg, d'NdL, df:s,] k|wfgfË, dNn, /fhj+zL, g]ds'n, /fhe08f/L cflb 5g\
eg] sf7df08f}+ pkTosf leq} Jofkf/ Aoa;fo ug]{ c? y/ ePsf JolQmx? klg 5g\ h;nfO{
j}Zo elgG5 . o:t} ul/ z'b|df Rofd] kf]8] cflb . a|fDx0fx? sd{sf08 / k"hf
kf7sf] k]zf ckgfPsf] kfOG5 eg] If]qLx? ;/sf/L sfo{ jf zf;g sfo{ ug]{ ub{5 . Jofkf/ Joj;fo
u/L a:g] oL dWo] / cGo hf] sf]lx
klg kfO{G5 . af}4 wd{ dfGg]x?df ah|frfo{ zfSo d'Vo x'g\ . oLlgx?sf] lxGb'sf]
h:t} af}4 wd{ k/Dk/fcg';f/ sd{ sf08 ug]{ / leGg} ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/f 5g\ .
d';ndfgdf vfg== cflb 5g\ . g]kfndf
d';ndfgx? # ljleGg sfndf k|j]z u/]sf 5g\ . klxnf] kN6 /fhf /Tg dNnsf] /fHosfndf
hf] sf7df08f}+sf] OGb|rf]s / kf6gsf] d+unahf/df clxn] klg a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf 5g
\. oLlgx? R'f/f, >+[uf/ ;fdfu|L, ef8f s'F8f cflb ;fdfgsf] Joj;fo u5{g\ .
sf7df08f}+ 3+G6f3/ lg/ b'O{j6f dl:hb klg 5g\ . d';ndfgsf] wd{ cg';f/ pgLx?sf]
cfkmgf] sd{ sf08 / 5'§} ;+:s[tL / k/Dk/f 5g\ . /fhf ho k|sfz dNnsf] ;dodf s]xL
ls|l:r\og k|j]z eP . o;sf] nuQ} Go"g ;+Vofdf ls|l:r\og wd{ dfGg] ;d'bfosf]
pbo ePsf] lyof] .
s]xL g]jf/x? af}4 wd{ dfGg] klg 5g\ eg]
sf]xL lxGb' wd{ dfGg] klg 5g\ . o;df
sf7df08f}+df 7d]nsf k|wfg / nlntk'/sf] gsjxLn ;+u} ;FfNxdf a;f]af; ug]{ >]i7
y/sf If]qLx? 5g\ h;sf] pkgfd km} elg lrlgG5 . s]xL cGo hftL dfGfGw/, dx{hg cfbL
y/n] ldl>t wd{ ckgfPsf] u/]sf] kfOG5 . /fhf hol:ylt dNnsf] /fHosfndf sfdsf]
ljefhg cg';f/ ljleGg y/ ePsf dflg;x? klg kfO{G5 h:t} l;Nksf/, tfd|fsf/,
/fhslg{sf/ cfbL .
dfly pNn]v ePsf ljleGg wd{ dfGg] dflg;x?sf
cf–cfˆgf] ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/f 5g\ . o:tf] s'/fx?sf] Vofn g} gu/L sf7df08f}+
pkTossff tLg} /fHo 7s'/L /fhf k[YjL gf/fo0f zfxn] ljho k|fKt u/L cfkm";+u}
klR5d]nL v;x?sf] k|j]z k+Zoft tTsflng g]kfndf /xg] ;a} af;L jf dfgjnfO{ g]jf/ /
g]jf/nfO{ g]jf/ hftLsf] ?kdf ;+jf]wg ug{ yflnof] . ljleGg wd{, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f
ePsf tTsflng g]jfMx?nfO{ Pp6} hftLsf] ?kdf n]vfhf]vf ug'{ Oltxf; lgdf0f{ stf{sf]
7"nf] ulNt xf] . o:tf] uNtL ca cfOGbf s'g} klg Oltxf;sf/n] gbf]xf]–ofpg'
pQd x'g]5 .
v;x?sf] af]nafnf ePsf] ;do cyf{t h+u
axfb'/sf] pbo sfndf g]jf/sf] cl:tTjdf cfs|d0f ug{ g]jf/ P]g lgdf0f{ u/L sfnf]
cIf/ sf]g]{ sfo{ eof] . sf7df08f}+ pkTosf afl;nfO{ ljleGg hftLdf ljefhg u/L
cfk;df km'6fpg] sfo{ ;d]t x'g uof] . o; cltl/Qm pgLx?sf] ;+:s[tL, k/Dk/f,
e]ife'iff, efiffdf ;d]t cfs|d0f x'g] sfo{ xfn;Dd x'g] u/]sf] 5 . v; a|fDx0f
dWo] s]fxL hf] cfkm"nfO{ 5nsk6, hfnLdfnL / s'6lgltsf] dflx/ 7fGg] ub{5
To:tf s]xL v; a|fDx0faf6 /fHosf] b/af/ b]lv ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?df ;d]t cflwkTo hdfpg
;kmn b]lvPsf 5g\ . Oltxf; tof/ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf e|d km}nfpg] vfnsf syf tof/ x'g]
u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] dfgl;stf af]ls s;}n] s;}sf] cl:tTjdf wfjf ug]{ sfo{ pko'Qm
x'b}g .
